10851 (Highland Ecuadorian Quichua)

{

id: 10851,
code_val: "qvj, qud; qxr, qug, qvi, qvz, qxj, quw, qvo",
code_authorities: "ISO 639-3",
primary_name: "Highland Ecuadorian Quichua",
alternate_names: "",
lang_description: "",
classification: "Quechuan; Peripheral Quechua;",
dialect_varieties: "Loja [qvj]; Calderón [qud]; Cañar Highland Quichua [qxr]; Chimborazo [qug]; Imbabura Quichua [qvi]; Northern Pastaza Quichua [qvz]; Salasca [qxl]; Tena Quichua [quw]; Napo Quichua [qvo]; Cotopaxi Quichua.",
public_comment: "The question of how to distinguish between entities that are dialects of a single language vs. those that are separate languages is particularly serious in the case of Quechuan languages and dialects, and much work remains to be done. Though it is well-known and very clear that there are a number of distinct languages in the Quechuan complex, some very distinct, the tendency to consider them all merely dialects of “Quechua” persists in many circles. (Cerrón-Palomino 1987.) Ethnologue (2017) lists a number of separate "languages" where others consider them to be dialects of a single language: Loja [qvj]; Calderón; Cañar Highland Quichua [qxr]; Chimborazo [qug]; Imbabura Quichua [qvi]; Northern Pastaza Quichua [qvz]; Southern Pastaza Quichua [qup]; Salasca [qxl]; Tena Quichua [quw]; Napo Quichua [qvo].",
private_comment: null,
source_id: null,
speakers: [
- {
  - id: 32210,
  - code_id: 10851,
  - speaker_number: "100000",
  - speaker_number_text: "1,153,800",
  - second_language_speakers: "",
  - semi_speakers: "",
  - children: "",
  - young_adults: "",
  - older_adults: "",
  - elders: "",
  - ethnic_population: "",
  - date_of_info: "",
  - public_comment: "Ethnologue distinguishes several entities that are varieties of Highland Ecuadorian Quichua: Quichua, Calderón Highland [qud]: 25,000 (1987); ethnic population 35,000 (2000) Quichua, Cañar Highland [qxr]: 100,000 (1991) Quichua, Chimborazo Highland [qug]: 800,000 (2010) Quichua, Imbabura Highland [qvi]: 150,000 (2007) Quichua, Loja Highland [qvj]: 30,500 (2000) Quichua, Napo [qvo]: 24,000 Quichua, Northern Pastaza [qvz]: 10,000 Quichua, Salasaca Highland [qxl]: 14,300 ",
  - private_comment: null,
  - source_id: 99395,
  - preferred: 1,
  },
],
language: {
- code_id: 10851,
- featured: 0,
- cached_documentation_score: -1,
- google_group_url: "",
- simplified_level: "mid",
- coordinates: "",
- updated_at: "2018-03-25 01:00:31",
- speaker_attitude: "Positive in most places; negative in others.",
- government_support: "",
- institutional_support: "",
- _other_languages_used: "Spanish",
- domains_of_use: null,
- speakers_worldwide: "1,153,800",
- second_language_speakers: null,
- semi_speakers: "",
- children: "",
- young_adults: "",
- older_adults: "",
- elders: "",
- ethnic_population: "",
- speakers_worldwide_year: "",
- bibliography_of_vitality: "",
- bibliography_of_context: "99395",
- bibliography_of_locations: "99395",
- user_submission: null,
- approved: 1,
- speakers_int_cache: 1153800,
- has_audio_samples: 0,
- has_document_samples: 0,
- has_image_samples: 0,
- has_guide_samples: 0,
- has_video_samples: 0,
- search_simplified_level: "V",
- user_id: 1,
- code_val_cache: "qvj",
- has_link_samples: 0,
- submission_source_info: null,
- countries: [
  - {
    - id: 32,
    - name: "Ecuador",
    - pivot: {
      - language_id: 10851,
      - country_id: 32,
      },
    },
  ],
},

}